Birthday Mark by Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1146 Words

The discovery of electricity opened the door to many mysteries that challenged scientists of the nineteenth century. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes of some challenges that man could run into during the exploration and application of new technology in The Birthmark. These challenges are not entirely physical but they are more so about an internal struggle within Victorian mindsets. In The Birthmark there are only three characters: Aylmer, a scientist, Georgiana, Aylmer’s wife, and Aminadab, Aylmer’s lab assistant. Hawthorne isolates the characters in their caste to present individual viewpoints of a tragic flaw. Each character promotes innocence but they are caught up in traditional values. Hawthorne writes of an honest but fatal mistake†¦show more content†¦His assistant, Aminadab is a â€Å"sub-human in his eyes† (Fairbanks, 103). Aminadab is a complete contrast to Aylmer but none of Aylmer’s experiments would be possible without the help of this â€Å"human machine† (Hawthorne, 298). He is of great importance to Aylmer, but Hawthorne makes it clear that Aylmer thinks of himself much higher than the common man. Aminadab’s importance to the story lies within the fact that he is an invisible character everywhere except the lab. His profound contrast to Aylmer’s character away from Georgiana provides the reader with a clearer picture of the mad scientist as he attempts to overthrow nature. When Aylmer fails to do so, Aminadab laughs triumphantly at the tragic hero’s attempt to control nature. These two characters show opposing thoughts and reactions to the murder of Aylmer’s now perfect, dead bride. Hawthorne’s heavy use of symbolism carries a lot of undertones that reveals irony on many levels as he wraps up the story. The most obvious is that Aylmer murders his lovely bride when he perfects Nature. Georgiana is enamored by Aylmer’s experiments even though he often fails. She gains confidence and submits herself willingly but only to vicariously pursue happiness through her husband’s experiment. Knowing that her birthmark makes her an object of horror to the one she loves, she finds life to be a burden and is willing to risk her own life for both of their happiness (Hawthorne 292).Show MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne: Literature of Consience Essay2942 Words   |  12 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s works established him as one of the most unique authors of the 19th century. With works such as The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne not only entertained his audience, he made them look at their own life and compare it to 17th century Puritan New England. He also brought readers to the realization of how harsh and difficult the period of American History was. Hawthorne’s unique style of writing and his ability to probe deep into the human conscience made him one of Early America’sRead More The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Paper - The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne As human beings, we are NOT perfect! It is part of our nature to be flawed one way or another. But there are some who choose to believe the opposing view. The theme of Nathaniel Hawthornes short story The Birthmark is how humans fight forcefully against Nature for perfection. It is those humans who, eventually, learn that Nature cannot be changed or revised. Aylmer was a famous scientist and philosopher who achieved great wonders.

There is Only One Ludwig van Beethoven - 729 Words

â€Å"What you are, you are by accident of birth; what I am, I am by myself. There are and will be a thousand princes; there is only one Beethoven† Summing up the philosophy of the great composer, Ludwig van Beethoven, the quote also reflects of the time in which he lived. Beethoven firmly believed in the dignity of man and that one should live in complete freedom without limits. Looking into the three parts of his life, early, middle, and end, one will learn about the inner life of the great composer. During his early life, his musical capabilities shined through. Born in Bonn, Germany in 1770, his family life started out rough. His father, a court musician, struggled as a drunkard, leaving his young son to fend for himself. Although caring, Beethoven’s mother lived frail and sickly for the whole of her life. Although he began studying music at age 4, his lessons did not bring him joy. Often late at night, his dad would come home from patronizing local taverns and forc e the boy to learn music until dawn. Drinking excessively just seemed a natural part of his life. As a young child, he often battled depression, which one can understand why by simply looking at his home life. However, some noticed his skills and employed him as an organist. In 1787, at age 17, he traveled to Vienna and played for the great composer, Mozart who accurately predicted the future greatness of the young man. While in Italy, Beethoven received a call to return home to see his mother. Soon afterShow MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven, One of the Greatest Composers of the Roomantic Period1099 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Ludwig van Beethoven Multitudes of music books recount the life of Ludwig van Beethoven and his contributions to music. There are many different texts that provide hard evidence that he was an individual who went on to become one of the best-known composers of all times. The early life of music saw many composers try to succeed with writing and publishing music. However, Ludwig van Beethoven emerged to become a crucial figure during the transition from Classical to Romantic erasRead MoreThe Classical Romantic And Modern Era1058 Words   |  5 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was German Composer Pianist I have never thought of writing for reputation and honor. What I have in my heart must out; that is the reason why I compose Ludwig Van Beethoven piano compositions were published at the age of thirteen. He took a simple ideas creates his worksRead MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreThe Revelation Of Beethovens Childhood1617 Words   |  7 PagesLife as it was for Beethoven had many varying elements, and this research paper will be revealing a lot of what he went through as a young boy all the way to the end of his life and career as the world renowned Ludwig van Beethoven. The basis for this paper is to express and expound on the life and career of Beethov en, and why he was seen as part of the pivotal transition between the Classical and Romantic eras. The topics that will be discussed will be the revelation of Beethoven’s childhood andRead MoreComposer Report: Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesComposer report: Ludwig van Beethoven On 17 December 1770, Ludwig van Beethoven was born. He was an amazing and great classical musical composer. He is known for being the most famous composer of the classical and romantic periods of music. According to the â€Å"Enjoyment of Music† manual, Beethoven was born in Bohn, Germany. His father, with his grandfather, was the two singers at the court of a local prince, Friedrich Max. (Forney and Machlis 197). Beethoven began to take an interest in music fromRead MoreMusic Compare and Contrast1570 Words   |  7 Pageshave it easy. Neither did Ludwig van Beethoven who grew to be one of the most successful composers of all time. Taking in the world and challenges around them, both of these artists overcame many obstacles to become what they are known for. Their fans have followed and have been inspired by them. The band Thirty Seconds to Mars and Ludwig van Beethoven came from two different eras and have rough times in their youth but overcame to succeed in the music world. â€Å"[Ludwig] Beethoven’s father, JohannRead MoreLaqwandra Myers. Ludwig Van Beethoven . February 1, 2017.1066 Words   |  5 PagesMyers Ludwig van Beethoven February 1, 2017 Music Appreciation 101 L. Webb M/W 12:30PM-2:00PM â€Æ' When asking anyone to name a famous composer in history, a few names will always be mentioned. They are Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Sebastian Bach, Claude Debussy, and Ludwig van Beethoven, just to name a few. Every composer mentioned have become famous in their own rights, and have inspired musicians for centuries. Arguably, the most famous composer in history would be Ludwig van Beethoven. BeethovenRead MoreA Short Research Paper On Ludwig Van Beethoven1269 Words   |  6 PagesA Short Research Paper on LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN MUS 1030 Walters State Community College Robbie Poteete, Instructor NIC NIX APRIL 22, 2016 Although there have been many famous composers over the years, probably none are as well-known as Ludwig van Beethoven. Regardless of one’s particular preference of musical style, almost everyone can quickly recognize Fur Elise, Moonlight Sonata, Ode to Joy, or Symphony 5. Beethoven â€Å"was born during the age of the Enlightenment, came to maturity duringRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. In this essay I will be explaining Ludwigs YouthRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven, Composer Of All Time, And For Good Reason1459 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is perhaps the most well known composer of all time, and for good reason. Born in the Classical era, Beethoven composed music that people could connect to and feel in a way that they had never experienced before. Beethoven was a great musical innovator as a result of his work as a composer, his assistance in the transition from the Classical era to the Romantic era of music, and his famous Ninth Symphony. Ludwig van Beethoven was born on either December 16th or 17th in the year

As a Child Free Essays

Our whole lives, we have been taught to be ambitious and competitive. Getting accepted into a prestigious university and employment in a high-paying job is essential in life, and is the way to be happy. So far, this is what I have tried to follow for the past 10 years, but is that really how one should live their life? Constantly picking faults, looking at the next best thing, earning the most money, does money really buy happiness? The summer of 2009, I flew to Delhi, India with my mother to visit my uncles, aunts and my grandfather as they were in shock because one of my aunts had died. We will write a custom essay sample on As a Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now A week after we arrived, we headed for a week-long trip to see the rest of Delhi, with our family. As a child, I always thought of India as a developing nation and I envisioned broken streets and bathrooms everywhere. But as I walked into the hotel, I realized that this place was really professional, much like Toronto is, with clean roads, no bathroom stalls on the streets. The only issue I had was with the mosquitoes; they would visit us every night and became a nuisance! The next few days were similarly surprising and fun. The way they made every day an adventure. In the evenings, after dinner, everyone would start up the karaoke machine and sing along in Hindi to it. They would stand together, holding hands and swaying to the music, and before I knew it, all my worries were gone. The days seemed to fly by quickly. The last night of our trip, we all ate dinner around a big, round table. They all talked about their lives and the hardships they faced. I had known the basics about their past careers as my mother had told me on the way here, but what my grandfather told me, shocked me. He was nowhere near as well-off as I had expected. He explained how many relationships were torn apart because of disputes, divorce and even death. Yet even as my grandfather told me of all his hardships, he smiled like a pug with a face with countless wrinkles, encouraging me to strive for my goals and to value my youth. I couldn’t smile back. How could these people still laugh and sing as I had seen them do for the past few days when their lives were so imperfect? I couldn’t even begin to imagine what it would feel like to go through all that pain; the idea was simply beyond me. â€Å"It is inevitable that life deals you hardships and obstacles†, he explained. â€Å"Sometimes they are big and it may seem impossible to overcome them, but you always have to try.† He pointed to his wallet with a picture of my cousin as an example. â€Å"There is no way to bring her back†, he told me. I thought about myself, and how I used to cry over a bad haircut. I remembered the time when I was in grade 7; I had failed a math test, and thought it was the end of the world. The smallest, most meaningless things used to ruin my day. As I looked around the table at all the smiling faces of my uncles and aunts, I began to realize that what grades you get or what university you go to, is all completely irrelevant. Money, popularity, and all our obsessions for things are so meaningless! Nothing in the world could make me happy if I was constantly looking at the next best thing and continuously picking faults. Yet my grandfather had possessed no material wealth, didn’t go to the greatest university, wasn’t the smartest student, but seemed like the happiest person on earth. The rest of my trip in India passed by in a blur. Before I knew it, I was sitting in an airplane, watching Delhi fall below me, and for some reason, as I thought of my family and all their joy and passion for life, I was reminded of a quote I had heard somewhere. â€Å"Pain is inevitable, but suffering is optional.† That was when I realized that there would always be problems in our lives, but beside them are also all the good things; they are simply overshadowed. It is just up to us to find them. How to cite As a Child, Papers

Case Study Cameron Auto Parts Essay Example For Students

Case Study Cameron Auto Parts Essay Cameron is said to have close relationships with whom they do business with, and the lose of control and possible communication issues that come with allowing McGrath in could harm Cameramans relations with their clients. Believe that Andy has reason for concern with licensing out the work directly to McGrath on a silver platter. However it can be just as risky to stick to exporting and paying off Cameramans debts. Cameron seems to not have the specific market knowledge needed to expand internationally, or need to continue to run the risks of currency exchange and other exporting risks such as transportation costs, Additionally, the high investment required in expanding the exporting business locally could rut future endeavors to expand internationally, Although Cameron has the capacity to expand their current plant, that is still a limited resource, whereas international expansion would allow for potential beyond their current space, While they could invest in a new plant or two-shift system, to have licensed with McGrath is much easier to implement and greatly reduces Cameramans risks. While exporting would eventually allow for economies of scale (seen in the estimated 20% reduction of production cost annually), expanding internationally With the flexible coupling Will allow for an economies Of scope With Cameramans spread out assets. If profits are expected to increase with the flexible coupling, there is no reason to believe that meeting Megawatts demand first and then later investing in a new plant isnt possible. 2. Was McGrath a good choice for licensee? Yes McGrath was a good choice as a licensee for many reasons. McGrath is already deeply entrenched into their markets, and seem to have the kind of market knowledge that Cameron does not have. McGrath also has the opacities to handle such an arrangement, as well as taking on the brunt of the financing themselves. Most importantly McGrath was having proven success selling Cameramans equipment, bringing in $4,000 in the first four months alone while not being able to keep up with demand. Additionally, technology flow- back and Megawatts excellent credit record were very appealing to Cameron. McGrath also has a good reach, having several sales representatives outside of the McGrath holds a boasting reputation that has seen 130 years of business a high caliber sales force with a proven track record. McGrath could pose some problems for Cameron as well. Currently Megawatts sales reach is limited, and perhaps Cameron could become more Of an international player through other means. McGrath also may have separate ideas from Cameron on how to generate sales, and their partnership is still a bit infantile. Megawatts most notable advantage though remains their excellent credit. Considering 59% of Megawatts total assets are tied into equity, their credit will remain very strong. McGrath was also able to reach a staggering 1. 5 million mound profit despite losing 9 million pounds in total sales, perhaps showing that a licensing opportunity with the flexible coupling can bring a surge into expected sales. McGrath also seems willing to develop and this could call for future collaborations between the two. 3. Was the royalty rate reasonable? Did Cameron leave money on the table? I believe that Cameron could have gotten more out of the deal, but considering the tradition of I being a normal rate the deal is reasonable for both parties. McGrath has already been paying an extreme amount of residual costs through importing, and by Cameron sharing their information they are greatly reducing what McGrath could charge for their product. McGrath was also able to help capitalize on a product already highly in demand, as well as getting the training and insight from Cameramans longtime experience in the industry. .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .postImageUrl , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:hover , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:visited , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:active { border:0!important; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:active , .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3 .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae59927a1fa9fd2a5d29b38125910fe3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: School Vouchers: The Wrong Choice EssayIn return, Cameron is allowed to gain valuable insight on the UK market and is allowed to dip their feet into international operations. The real concern for Cameron is the relationship the two will have after the five- year contract is up. Once McGrath has the necessary information and training room Cameron, will McGrath still be fine with a deal that is traditionally higher than normal? Despite this future concern, Cameron still comes away with a $100,000 knowledge transfer fee and an initial royalty rate that is double the norm for the first million. In conclusion nothing will be able to beat the profitability of Cameron continuing to export.

Romero Essays - English-language Films, Films, Romero, Scar Romero

Romero Reflection of Romero When the movie starts off, you are introduced to only a portion of the injustice that the El Salvadorians faced. The new president was supposed to be one that was elected into office. It was unimaginable to me that citizens who were on their way to vote were stopped. They were only allowed to proceed by foot. There is no way that any such think could occur here, in the United States. It's hard for me to accept that things like that actually happened, and still happen. It was time to appoint a new archbishop. The other priests elected Romero thinking that he wouldn't make any waves. This shocked me. People would actually use as criteria for archbishop whether or not they would make waves. I would think that they would want the person in that position to be strong in their beliefs. It later turned out that Romero would unpleasantly surprise them. This movie also showed a very vivid line between the rich and the poor. It was hard to believe that they all lived in the same country. The w ealthy barely even treat the poor like people. They are merely pests that they avoid at all costs. I know that in America the gap between the very rich and the very poor is wide, but there is at least some form of middle class, and the poor have the same rights as everyone else. When the guerillas started to attack the people, in the square when the people were receiving communion for instance, Romero finally stood up. It is not really the place of the Church to take a political stand, but no one else in such a powerful position was standing up for the rights of the people being oppressed. Romero went to lengths beyond what anyone expected or hoped he would go to. Unfortunately, his heroism was not greeted very well, except by the people he was defending. It just amazed me how strong he was in what he believed. It takes such courage and wit to follow through with the things that he did. I can't even fathom how hard it was to walk into that prison and walk out with a prisoner. If he had been anyone but the Archbishop, he would have been killed. I think the part that made me realize his faith the most was when he walked into the church that had been taken by the army. He just walked right in past the big man holding the gun. He started to pick up the communion even while shots were being fired. And after he left, he came back and gave communion to the crowd. It was just so touching. The people believed in him as much as he believed in what he was doing. I've never been faced with anything near as big as the struggle that the El Salvadorians were facing. To have to live in those conditions, and to have no one be able to protect you or fight for what you believe in. It is so unimaginable to me that they had virtually no rights. It made me so sad that at the end, Romero was assassinated. It was really no surprise. Anyone that stood up for what they believed in that was opposite of what the people in power were preaching was killed. Romero was the only person in pow er to stand up. He was protected for a while because of his status, but it could not protect him forever. I know that struggles like this occur in America, but on a much smaller level that no one notices. I guess that makes it hard for me to conceive of something like this actually ever happening. It makes me so sad to realize that it really did.

The best DIY Halloween Decorations

The best DIY Halloween Decorations The devil is in the detail, thats why decorations are crucial for every Halloween party. We have gathered a list of easy decorations, which you can make by yourself without spending a lot of money. You can also use it as a starting point for your own ideas. 1. To make these handmade lamps you will need some cans, hammer, nails and paint. And of course imagination to make something special. 2. Another great idea will be floating witchs hat luminaries. It is super easy to make and looks very impressive. 3. Very easy Halloween decorations are pumpkin-cats. Carve the eyes, make ears and put a candle to light it out. And dont forget to paint it black. 4. This DIY Halloween decorations will impress anyone at your party! It is simple, yet fascinating. And it will only take you a few minutes to make a ghost like this. 5. Buy some plastic cups of different colors, draw faces on them and put LED tealights inside. DONT use real candles! 6. You can make basically the same with paper bags. Once again, use only LED tealights! 7. Flying bats will be great handmade Halloween decorations. Add them to your walls for a spooky effect. 8. You can turn your whole house into a jack-o-lantern. Put a paper made face on one of the windows and thats pretty all. 9. Edgar Allan Poe made ravens one of the most scary things in the world. Decorate your house with dozens of ravens and of course pumpkins. 10. Buy some spider webs, candelabra and add a few of bats or other scary animals. 11. To make these ghosts you will need to snap a light stick and put it in the balloon. Then draw a face on it and voila.

An Evaluation Of Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay

An Evaluation Of Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay In the modern world, most of the companies try to merge their company with another company. There are some advantages and disadvantages in merging. The main advantages are reputation, brand image can be increase through the merging. The industry will become simple through merging and this is the competitive advantage, Alcatel Lucent Company can gain from the merging. The main disadvantage in merging is cross culture conflicts and this case study is about Alcatel Lucent merger. Alcatel Lucent is one of the leading companies in mobile, fixed, Optics technologies and a pioneer in applications and services (Alcatel Lucent, 2011). According to the merging procedure, Alcatel Lucent merger faced cross culture conflicts from France and U.S. Still, the company tries to control the culture conflicts in the organization. This report mainly describes the conditions and negotiation factors, industry changes after merger and the international challenges of Alcatel Lucent. 1. The conditions and ne gotiation factors pushed forth the merger in 2006 that were not present in 2001 According to the case, in 2006 both companies come up with new conditions and negotiation factors. Mainly, France shareholders, they gave their approval to merge Alcatel company and Lucent company. Alcatel’s chief executive Mr. Techuruk encouraged 1500 shareholders in Paris by mentioning Alcatel Lucent is truly global and has no equivalent today and won’t in future. He also agreed to pay 10.6 billion euro for Lucent company to merge Alcatel and Lucent companies as Alcatel Lucent. The stock swap was valued at one Alcatel American depository share for every five Lucent shares. Both companies agreed to publish English as the official language of the Alcatel Lucent. After considering above conditions and factors, both company shareholders gave their approval to merge Alcatel Lucent as one company. They also decided to deal with both pre-merger and post-merger integration issues such as salaries , benefits, designations and other structural maters by holding a series of meetings between the top HR executives at the two companies. 2. merged company A merged company which means the combination of two companies where one corporation is completely absorbed by another corporation. After the merging procedure, both companies have to do business as one company. As a result of that, they should invent new identities for the company. They couldn’t use their separate identities for the business. Any company, they couldn’t merge with another company without the approval of shareholders. Negotiation also very important for merged companies. Negotiation is the process of discussion by which two or more parties aim to reach a mutually acceptable agreement (Strategic International Management, 2011). There are five stages included in the negotiation process. Those stages are preparation, relationship building, exchanging task related information, persuasion and concessions an d agreement. Mainly, any organization, they wants to follow this negotiation process when they planning to merge their company with another company. Alcatel is a company which produce the communication equipments for their customers and Lucent company, they provides telecommunication services to their customers. After merging these two companies, their industries become simple. As Alcatel Lucent, they did their sales of $25 billion. They also produced many telecommunication products such as wireless equipments, wire line equipments, wireless infrastructures, internet routers, equipment for carrying calls over the internet, etc. The negative side of the industry is company loss $7 billion since the merger. In addition to that, Alcatel Lucent around 16500 jobs since merger. As the advantages of the industry, for the fourth quarter 2006, the company posts adjusted pro-forma revenues of Euro 4,421 million and operating profits of Euro 21 million. The company reported Euro 18,254 million adjusted pro-forma and operation profit of Euro 1,025 million for the full year 2006. On 31st December 2006, their total cash and marketable securities was Euro 6.7 billion leaving a net cash position of Euro 508 million.